Comminuting means



Sept. 15, 1942. c. w. CHA 2,295,633

COMMINUTING MEANS Filed Sept. 9, 1959 INVENTQR 60/9'0/7 l Va/fer 6/7056.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Sept. 15, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE? ration of IllinoisApplication September 9,1939, Serial NQ.-294,147

ting elements shown in Fig. 2 partly in plan and partl in horizontalsection.

Claims.

This invention relates to comminuting means of which the comminutor isinterposed in a flowing stream of liquids containing solids, andfunctions first, todetain solids that are too large to 'pass throughslots of the comminutor along with the flow of liquids, and second, toreduce the Fig. 4 is a detail vertical section taken on the line 4-4 ofFig. 3.

solids to particles small'enough to pass through a the slots. Theinvention has reference more particularly to that .type of comminutorthrough which the flow moves transversely through the I comminutor, andis commonly called through flow" comminutors. v V Inthrough flowcomminutors considerable dif ficulty has been encountered by reason ofsolids accumulating on the upstream. side of the com minutor andparticularlyat the stationary cutting element thereof, the result beingthat the cutting teeth of the comminutor merely 'cut grooves in theaccumulated mass and run idly in the grooves. Furthermore theaccumulated mass clogs the comminutor slots and blocks the flow ofliquids therethrough, thereby requiring frequent attention byan-attendant in the mass.

One object of the present invention is to proclearing away vide anarrangement of parts whereby the flowing stream sets up eddy currents atthe station-' ary cutting element of the comminutor,-whereby the'solidsare agitated and are not permitted to accumulate in amass but are keptin motion whereby different parts thereof are constantly being presentedto the cutting elements.

Fig. 4c is a detail fragmental perspective view ofthe cutter carrier andthe cutter shown in Figs. 3 and '4.

Fig. 5 is adetail view of fragments of another form. of cuttingelements, partly in plan and partly in horizontal section.

Fig. 6 is a detail vertical section taken on th line 6-6 of Fig. 3. I a

Fig. 7 is a detail fragmental side elevation of another modified form ofcutting means.

Fig. 8 is a detail vertical section taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. '7.

Referring to said drawing and first to Figs. 1 and 2, the referencecharacter In designates a channel, desirably formed of concrete, throughwhich flows sewage or other liquids containing solids. The flow of thestreamis in the. generaldirection indicated by the arrows in Fig. l.

The character H designates the upstream or inlet end, and I2thedownstream or outlet end, and l3- a pit or offset part ofthechannel.The comminutor l4 is located at the offset part of the channel, and-adeflecting wall is extending from the straight wall of the channel to awall 1 It in the pit, se rves,to dam up the flow on the.

Another object is to provide novel cutters on the rotating elements ofthe comminutor which function to rid the slots of solids and also serve.

to cut or comminute the solids. The cutters also function to prevententanglement of fibrous solids with the cutters and co-actingstationarycutting element. This entanglement prevents the free motion of solids inthe process of being cut up 40.

'1 minutor.

after fully set forth and claimed.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the drawing accompanying thisspecification, in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a portion of a sewage channel and illustratingone embodiment of the comminuting means therein.

Fig. 2 isa vertical longitudinal section taken on the line 2-.-2 of Fig.1.

up stream side of the comminutor. The wall- I6 may be composed ofstructural metal work and concrete and contains an opening in which thecomminutor is located.

An offset or recess Ilia is provided between the channel wall I la andthe comminutor IQ, in

which eddy currents are set up by the flowing stream at the place wherethe comminuting action of the comminutor takes place. The eddy currentsserve to agitate solids that are likely to accumulate-at the cuttingplace of the com- The comminutor comprises in general a series of spaceddiscs or other cutter carriers 22, mount- -ed on a shaft 2|, driven byan electric motor 20,

supported on the wall I I6. Located in the spaces between thediscs, onthe up stream side of the comminutor, are stationary spacedsemi-circular screen bars Hi, the ends of which are bolted or Fig. 3 isa detail view of fragments of the cut- The'screen bars and discs detainor intercept the v bolted tcT the wall structure l6, which if desiredmay comprise structural metal frame work and concrete. The cutting baris located in the oflset or recessed part Ilia of the channel, where theeddy currents are set up and stir or agitate any solids that accumulateat the cutting bar and thereby prevent them from lodging in a somewhatfixed position at the place where the comminuting action takes place.The wall It serves to direct the flow in the channel towards the wallItand the comminutor M, in the arrangement of the parts as illustratedin Figs. 1 and 2.

The cutters employed on the discs may take various forms, and the oneshown in Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 40 will now be described.

The cutter shown in these figures comprises a body M of the samethickness as the disc 22, and it is seated in a notch 44 formed in theedge portion of the disc. Projecting laterally from the body M arecombined slotscrapers 38 and cutting teeth 45, of which the scraperstravel in the adjacent slots between the disc and screen bars l8 andserve to rid the slots of any material that may have lodged therein. Thescrapers 39 may be in the form of lugs formed on the upper and lowersides of the body and they protrude exteriorly of the slots and areformed with the cutting teeth 45 on their protruding edges. The body ismade longer than the lugs to provide tail pieces for receiving the boltsor screws 43 which fasten the cutter to the disc.

The cutting bar, one section of which is shown at 39, is fastened to theframe structure of the wall I 6 as by bolts or screws 40, and is formedwith cutting teeth 39a between which are notches through which thecutting teeth 65 of the cutters pass and cooperate with the notchedcutting bar to cut away small pieces of solids that are caught betweenthe cutting bar and cutting teeth. The front face of the cutter body maybe made flat as at '42 if desired.

The walls l5 and I6 prevent liquids from passing from the upstream sideof the comminutor to the downstream side thereof, except by flowinghorizontally through the spaces between the cutter carrying discs fromone side of the comminutor to the other. Comminutors of this type havebeen commonly designated as through flow" comminutors.

In the form of cutter illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 the combined slotscrapers 36 and cutting teeth 3! are of the same length as the body 84,which is seated in a notch in the disc 28 andfastened thereto by boltsor screws 33. The scraper parts of the cutters travel in the slotsbetween the disc 28 and adjacent screen bars 21. The cutter bar sections29 are fastened to the wall structure It by bolts or screws 30, and itsteeth 35 leave notches therebetween for the passage of the cutting teeth3! as in the form previously described.

in the disc 41 and fastened thereto by bolts or screws 53. Scraper lugsII project laterally from both sides of the body of the cutter, one fromeither en thereof and travel in the slots between the disc 41 and screenLars 46. A cutting tooth 55 projects outward from the'body 52 andcoopera es with the notched cutting bar section 48 to comminute solids.The cutting bar section is fastened to its support by bolts or screws49.

In all of the forms of cutters shown, the laterally projecting lugsthereof serve as scrapers traveling in the slots l9 and freeing themfrom solids that may have become lodged therein, and the cutting teethcooperate with the cutting bar to comminute solids. Any solids suchasrags, paper string and so forth that lodge on the stationary screenbars or may enter the slots, are carried along the screen bars by thecutters to the stationary cutting bar where they are comminuted.

Iclaim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent: 1

1. In comminuting means, a through flow comminutor having rotatingspaced cutter carrying discs between which liquids flow from one side ofthe comminutor to the other side thereof, said discs being provided withcutting teeth on their edges, and a stationary notched cutting bar,cooperating therewith to comminute solids, in combination with wallsproviding a channel in which the comminutor is located and other wallmeans cooperating with said channel walls to provide a recessed space,which is laterally oiI-set with respect to one of the channel walls, thecomminutor being disposed, in part, in said recessed space with itscutting bar located in said space, whereby eddy currents, formed in saidspace by a flowing stream, agitate solids that accumulate on the cuttingbar in said space. 2. In comminuting means, a through flow comiminutor,having stationary semi-circular screen bars and spaced rotatable cuttercarrying discs with their edge portions traveling in the spaces betweenthe screen bars and provided with teeth which project radially beyondthe edges of the discs, the edge portions of the cutter carrying discsbeing spaced from the screen bars to provide slots between the cuttercarrying discs and screen bars, through which liquid flows from one sideof the comminutor to the other, and a stationary notched cutting barco-operating with said cutting teeth to comminute solids, in combinationwith walls providing a channel in which the comminutor is interposed andother walls cooperating with the channel walls to provide a laterallyrecessed space, the comminutor being disposed, in part, in said space,with its cutting bar located in said space, whereby eddy currents formedin said space by a flowing stream, agitate f solids that accumulate onthe cutting bar in said space.

3. In comminuting means, a through flow comminutor, having stationaryspaced semiecircular screen bars and spaced rotatable cutter carryingdiscs with their edge portions traveling in the spaces between thescreen bars and provided with cutting teeth which project radially fromthe edges of the cutter carrying discs, the edge portions of the cuttercarrying discs being spaced from the screen bars to provide slotsbetween the cutter carrying discs and screen bars, through which liquidflows from one side of the comminutor to the other, and a stationarynotched cutting bar co-operating with said cutting teeth to comminutesolids, in combination with walls .providing a channel, in which thecomminutor is eddy currents formed in said space by interposed, a walloil-set laterally irom one of the channel walls, having-an openingtherein to receive the cutter carrying discs of the comminutor, andother walls connecting the ends or said ofl-set wall with the twowalls-of the channel to provide a laterally oil-set recess, thecomminutor being disposed, in part, in said space with its cutting barlocated in said space, whereby a flowing stream, agitate solids thataccumulate on the cutting bar in said space.

4. A comminutor comprising spaced semi-circular screen bars, spacedcutter carrying discs with their peripheral edge portions disposed inthe spaces between the screen bars, there being slots between saidscreen bars and edge portions or the cutter carrying discs, cutterssecured to the cutter carrying discs at the edges thereof and havinglugs projecting laterally from the cutter carriers into the adjacentslots, said lugs being provided with cutting teeth projecting beyond theexternal faces of the screen bars and cutter carriers, astationarynotched cutting bar cooperating with the cutting teeth of thecutters to comminute solids caught between the cutting bar and cuttingteeth, and means to produce relative rotation between the cuttercarriers and cutting bars.

5. A comminutor comprising stationary spaced semi-circular screen bars,rotatable spaced discs with their edge portions disposed in the spacesbetween the screen bars, there being slots between the screen bars anddiscs. cutters secured to 1 lugs being formed with cutting teethprojecting between the screen bars and discs, cutters secured to thediscs at the edges thereof, said cutters comminute solids.

body portions into the adjacent slots; and the beyond the external facesoi! the screen bars and discs,- and a stationary notched cutting barcooperating with the cutting teeth of the cutters to 7.- A comminutorcomprising stationary spaced semi-circular screen bars, rotatable spaceddiscs with their edge portions disposed in the spaces between the screenbars, and there being slots hav body portions seated in notches in theedges f said discs and lugs projecting laterally from the body portionsinto the adjacent slots, the body portion of thecutters extendingcircumferentially' beyond the ends or the lugs whereby to receive themeans that secure the cutters to the discs, said cutters being alsoformed with cutting teeth'projecting radially beyond the external iacesoi? the screen bars and discs, and a stationary notched cutting barcooperating with the cutting teeth to comminute solids.

8. A comminutor comprising stationary spaced semi-circular'screen bars,rotatable spaced discs with their edge portions disposed in the' spacesbetween the screen bars, and there being slots between the screen barsand discs, cutters secured to the discs at the edges thereof, saidcutters hav ing body portions seated in notches in-the edges of saiddiscs and lugs projecting laterally from the body portions into theadjacent slots, said lugs being locatedat the ends or the body porthediscs at the edges thereof, said cutters hava ing body portions seatedin notches in the edges oi said discs and lugs projecting laterally fromthe body portions into the adjacent slots. said cutters having alsocutting teeth projecting beyond the external faces of the screen barsand discs, and a stationary notched cutting bar cooperating with thecutting teeth of the cutters to comminute solids.

tion, and the cutters being formed with cutting teeth aligned with thediscs, and a stationary notched cutting bar cooperating with saidcutting teethto comminute solids. 9. In a comminutor, a cutter carryingdisc, and a cutter comprising a body portion secured in the edge portionoi! the disc and having scraper lugs projecting radially. from bothsides or the disc, and a tooth projecting radially from the bodyportion.

10.,In a comminutor, a cutter carrying disc, and a cutter comprising abody portion secured in the edge portion of the disc and having scraperlugs projecting laterally from both sides or the disc, said lugs havingcutting teeth on the front edges thereof.

